ABSTRACT
Accessory tubes are a congenital and developmental Mullerian duct abnormality of fallopian tubes. Due to their morphological abnormality, the accessory tubes predispose to the occurrence of ectopic pregnancy, infertility and tubal torsion among others and can lead to life-threatening conditions. We are reporting two recent cases of tubal pregnancies with accessory tubes together with literature reviews.
Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Fallopian Tubes , Infertility , Pregnancy, Ectopic , Pregnancy, TubalABSTRACT
During 1st and 2nd trimester, placenta accreta is rarely found and is not easy to diagnosis during these trimester. From time to time placenta accreta is found after induced abortion or spontaneous abortion. We had experienced a case of placenta increta which was found about 50 days after D&C due to missed abortion at local clinic. So we presented it with a brief case history and brief review of the concerned literatures.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Abortion, Induced , Abortion, Missed , Abortion, Spontaneous , Diagnosis , Dilatation and Curettage , Placenta Accreta , PlacentaABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy , Fetal Heart , Hearing , Heart Rate, FetalABSTRACT
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression of several organs on the lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-injected rats and on excisional wound was observed by immunohistochemical methods to investigate iNOS-positive cells during inflammation. iNOS expression was induced in response to LPS in the brain and these reactions were observed in the choroidal epithelium, ependymal cells and a few of nerve cells and fiber. A more intensive reaction of nerve cell and fiber was mainly observed in the corpus callosum and hypothalamus. Induction of iNOS of the lung was observed in alveolar macrophage, smooth muscle, pneumocytes and inflammatory cells infilterated in the alveolar septum. iNOS expression of the liver was detected in Kupffer cells, hepatocytes, bile duct and inflammatory cells of spotty necrosis. The cardiac muscle and endothelial cell of the heart showed positive iNOS expression. In the excisional wound, inflammatory cells including macrophages, neutrophil and fibrobast showed iNOS expression and mainly detected necrobiotic layer. Collectively, iNOS expression was induced in the several cell types during inflammatory process. So for better understanding the function of iNOS, more research should be done in relation to each cell type of organ.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Bile Ducts , Brain , Choroid , Corpus Callosum , Endothelial Cells , Epithelium , Heart , Hepatocytes , Hypothalamus , Inflammation , Kupffer Cells , Lipopolysaccharides , Liver , Lung , Macrophages , Macrophages, Alveolar , Muscle, Smooth , Myocardium , Necrosis , Neurons , Neutrophils , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II , Alveolar Epithelial Cells , Shock , Wound Healing , Wounds and InjuriesABSTRACT
Experimental data showed that morphine interfered with calcium influx in the central nervous system and some calcium channel blockers potentiated analgesic effect of morphine. As few clinical data are available, we studied the effect of the calcium channel blocking agent, verapamil, on the analgesic effect of epidural morphine for postoperative pain control after upper abdominal surgery. The mean analgesic duration of 2mg of morphine was 17.9+/-4.3 hours and the addition of 5 and 10 mg of verapamil increased the analgesic effect of morphine significantly(28.2+/-6.1 hours and 26.7+/-6.3 hours, respectively). The quality of analgesia was improved by verapamil without significant changes in respiratory and cardiovascular functions. The data suggested that verapamil might be a useful adjunct to epidural morphine as a balanced analgesia for postoperative pain control, especially in certain patients such as the patient with coronary artery disease.